最近想为自己的网站添加HTTPS安全链接,用了免费易用且开源的Certbot。
准备工作
Namecheap 域名(xiaobailong24.com)
VPS 主机(Nginx & Ubuntu 16.04 LTS)
Cenrtbot 官网( https://certbot.eff.org )
安装 Certbot
在 VPS 安装 letsencrypt:
sudo apt-get install letsencrypt
用 Certbot 生成证书
使用命令:
sudo letsencrypt certonly
选择证书生成方式
选择第一项 webroot:
输入联系邮箱
此处输入自己的联系邮箱,注意我输错了,所有有第二个界面提示重新输入:
同意服务条款
直接同意:
输入域名
输入自己的要加密的域名:
选择此域名的网站根目录
选择第一项Enter a new webroot,然后在弹出的对话框中选择网站根目录:
生成证书
接下来是自动生成证书:
生成成功
如果成功生成证书,会有以下提示:
Generate Strong Diffie-Hellman Group
sudo openssl dhparam -out /etc/ssl/certs/dhparam.pem 2048
配置Nginx
修改网站的 Nginx 配置文件:
sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
添加location
在server内添加以下内容:
server {
. . .
location ~ /.well-known {
allow all;
}
. . .
}
删除原监听端口
在server内删除以下内容:
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;
添加 ssl 监听端口
在server内添加以下内容:
listen 443 ssl;
server_name xiaobailong24.com;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/xiaobailong24.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/xiaobailong24.com/privkey.pem;
添加 ssl 协议
在server内添加以下内容:
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_dhparam /etc/ssl/certs/dhparam.pem;
ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-DSS-AES128-GCM-SHA256:kEDH+AESGCM:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:AES:CAMELLIA:DES-CBC3-SHA:!aNULL:!eNULL:!EXPORT:!DES:!RC4:!MD5:!PSK:!aECDH:!EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA:!EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:!KRB5-DES-CBC3-SHA';
ssl_session_timeout 1d;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:50m;
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15768000;
设置 HTTP 转 HTTPS
添加新的server块,将 HTTP 链接自动转到 HTTPS:
server {
listen 80;
server_name xiaobailong24.com;
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}
设置自动延期证书
sudo crontab -e
添加以下内容:
* 00 * * * certbot renew --quiet
* 01 * * * certbot renew --quiet
重启crond
sudo service cron restart (Ubuntu)
sudo service crond restart (Centos)